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In order for our eyes to be able to see, light rays must be bent, or refracted, by the cornea and the lens so they can focus on the retina, the layer of light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. The retina receives the picture formed by these light rays and sends the image through the optic nerve to the brain.

When we are young, the lens in our eye is flexible enough to change shape easily, making it possible to focus on near or distant objects. As we age, our lens becomes less flexible, making it more difficult for the eye to focus clearly on close objects. Reading and performing other close-up tasks such as threading a needle become very difficult.